?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ( ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? )?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? + ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??

??? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????? ?? (?????) ??? ???? ????? ?? ????.?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ?????? ? ??????? +??????????????

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. Johns Hopkins University Press. New York: Gorgias Press. New York, NY: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. ???? 7 Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XII/5: Homosexuality III-Human migration II. Encyclopaed

?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ? ???????????? ?????? ?????? (???? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ?????? ????)??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??.???? ?

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